Volume 18 Issue 4
“Fertile Mules? A Cultural History and Modern Insights”
This presents a cultural history of, attitudes towards, mules and their infertility from ~1500 BC. In the Roman empire mules were held in high esteem whereas in the Spanish empire they were connected to witchcraft. Occasional pregnancies were considered signs of pending disaster driven by demonic forces. In the middle-ages women wore amulets containing parts of or ate parts of a female mule as a means of contraception. An...